Answer :
Final answer:
The immune system identifies invading organisms by their surface structures, known as antigens. Another response the immune system can have is the adaptive immune response, which retains a memory of past infections for a more potent response upon re-exposure. There is also the innate immune response which defends against all pathogens.
Explanation:
The immune system recognizes invading organisms by their antigens, structures on their surface that are unique to each pathogen. The immune system's adaptive response is tailored for specific pathogens, learning from previous encounters due to its antigen specificity. Another response of the immune system to invading pathogens comes from the active or adaptive immune response. This system, in contrast to the innate immune response, keeps a memory of past infections and utilizes this to launch a more specific and effective attack on recognized pathogens upon re-exposure. This memory can last several decades, providing long-term protection against specific pathogens.
Innate immune responses are always present and attempt to defend against all pathogens rather than focusing on specific ones. They are promptly triggered but are non-specific. On the other hand, adaptive immune responses are slower, but they're more specific and often result in immunity against repeated infections.
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