Answer :
Final answer:
The Enlightenment can be considered a turning point in European political and economic history due to its significant impact on intellectual and political life, as well as its role in inspiring revolutionary movements.
Explanation:
The Enlightenment can be considered a turning point in European political and economic history due to its significant impact on intellectual and political life, as well as its role in inspiring revolutionary movements. The Enlightenment introduced new ideas that challenged traditional political structures and hierarchies, promoting concepts such as natural rights, individual autonomy, and the rejection of royal and religious authority. These ideas contributed to the American, French, and Haitian Revolutions, which resulted in transformative political and economic changes.
One of the key characteristics of the Enlightenment was its emphasis on reason and critical thinking. Enlightenment thinkers like John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau questioned the authority of the church and political rulers, paving the way for economic and political prosperity. Moreover, the Enlightenment also led to the establishment of the market economy, or capitalism, through the works of scholars like Adam Smith, one of the pioneers in studying the relationship between politics and the economy.
The Enlightenment had a profound impact on European societies and the world, freeing individuals from religiosity, superstitions, and social rigidity. It promoted ideas of anthropocentrism, rationalism, and scientism, which contributed to political democratization and economic development. The Enlightenment ushered in a new era of intellectual exchange and played a significant role in shaping political and economic practices during and after the period.