Answer :
B cell receptors (BCRs) and T cell receptors (TCRs) distinguish pathogens by recognizing unique macromolecules on a given pathogen. TCRs bind to antigens presented on MHCs, while BCRs bind directly to antigens before becoming plasma cells that produce antibodies. Therefore, the correct option is b. Macromolecules that are unique to a given pathogen.
B cell receptors (BCRs) and T cell receptors (TCRs) can distinguish one pathogen from another because they recognize macromolecules that are unique to a given pathogen. BCRs and TCRs are integral components of the adaptive immune response, allowing for the specific identification and targeting of pathogenic invaders. Both receptor types have high specificity for certain epitopes—parts of an antigen that immune receptors can recognize and bind to.
T cell receptors are designed to recognize antigens presented on major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs) by other cells. This process is critical for mounting an appropriate immune response. TCRs have flexibility in recognizing a variety of antigens presented by MHCs, making them versatile in combating different pathogens.
B cell receptors detect and bind to specific epitopes directly. Following activation by these antigens, B cells can differentiate into plasma cells that produce antibodies, which are essentially soluble forms of BCRs designed to neutralize pathogens or mark them for destruction by other cells in the immune system. Therefore, the correct option is b. Macromolecules that are unique to a given pathogen.