Answer :
Final answer:
China's resistance to European influence lasted until the Industrial Revolution, when European nations increased their trade efforts, particularly through the Opium Wars. This period marked a significant change in China's policies towards foreign influence and trade. Other historical movements like the Renaissance or Enlightenment did not have the same direct impact on China's interactions with Europe.
Explanation:
China's Resistance to European Influence
China resisted European influence predominantly until the Industrial Revolution, which occurred in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Before this period, China had a longstanding tradition of self-sufficiency and limited engagement with external powers. The Qing Dynasty, which was in power during much of this time, adhered to a policy of isolationism that restricted foreign trade and cultural exchange.
During the Industrial Revolution, European powers expanded their global reach, including attempts to trade with China. The British, for instance, sought to balance their trade deficit with China by importing opium, leading to widespread addiction in China. This resulted in the Opium Wars, which ultimately forced China to open up to foreign influence and trade, marking a significant shift in its interactions with Europe.
Other eras, such as the Renaissance or Enlightenment, had intellectual and cultural impacts but did not significantly alter China's stance towards European nations like the Industrial Revolution did. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is the Industrial Revolution.
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