Answer :
Final answer:
The two components of pancreatic juice secretion, enzymes and bicarbonate ions, are separately controlled. Hormonal control involves the release of hormones, such as secretin and cholecystokinin (CCK), in response to the presence of food. These hormones stimulate the pancreas to secrete enzymes and bicarbonate ions. Neural control, on the other hand, involves the stimulation of the pancreas by the parasympathetic nervous system. When food enters the stomach, nerve impulses are sent to the pancreas, triggering the secretion of pancreatic juice. Both mechanisms work together to ensure the proper secretion of pancreatic juice.
Explanation:
The secretion of pancreatic juice is controlled by two separate mechanisms: hormonal control and neural control.
Hormonal control: When food enters the small intestine, the presence of partially digested food triggers the release of hormones, such as secretin and cholecystokinin (CCK). These hormones are released by cells in the lining of the small intestine and enter the bloodstream. Secretin stimulates the pancreas to secrete bicarbonate ions, which help neutralize the acidic chyme from the stomach. CCK, on the other hand, stimulates the pancreas to secrete enzymes, such as amylase, lipase, and proteases, which aid in the digestion of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
Neural control: The parasympathetic nervous system plays a role in the neural control of pancreatic juice secretion. When food enters the stomach, nerve impulses are sent to the pancreas, triggering the secretion of pancreatic juice. These nerve impulses are generated by sensory receptors in the stomach and are transmitted to the pancreas via the vagus nerve. The stimulation of the pancreas by the parasympathetic nervous system leads to the release of both enzymes and bicarbonate ions.
Both hormonal and neural control mechanisms work together to ensure the proper secretion of pancreatic juice, which is essential for the digestion and absorption of nutrients.
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