Answer :
The secretion of bile and pancreatic juice during the digestive process is controlled by a complex interplay of hormones that are released from various organs and tissues in the digestive system.
Here is an overview of the hormonal control of bile and pancreatic juice secretion:
Bile secretion:
1- Cholecystokinin (CCK): CCK is released from the small intestine in response to the presence of food, especially fats and proteins. CCK stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder.
Pancreatic juice secretion:
1- Secretin: Secretin is released from the lining of the duodenum in response to the acidic chyme (partially digested food) entering the small intestine from the stomach.
2- Cholecystokinin (CCK): In addition to its role in bile secretion, CCK also stimulates the pancreas to secrete enzyme-rich pancreatic juice into the small intestine.
3- Gastrin: Gastrin is released from the stomach in response to the presence of food, especially proteins.
4- Ghrelin: Ghrelin is a hormone released from the stomach that stimulates hunger and appetite.
5- Insulin: Insulin is a hormone released from the pancreas in response to high blood glucose levels.
6- Somatostatin: Somatostatin is a hormone that is released from the pancreas and other parts of the digestive tract in response to various stimuli, such as high acidity in the stomach.
Overall, the hormonal control of bile and pancreatic juice secretion during the digestive process is a complex and coordinated process that involves multiple hormones acting in concert to regulate the secretion of digestive enzymes and other substances from the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas, ensuring efficient digestion and absorption of nutrients in the small intestine.
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