Answer :
Final answer:
Siddhartha Gautama, known as Buddha, introduced a new religion, Buddhism, based on his understanding of suffering and how to overcome it. Central to his teachings are the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path, guidelines to achieve enlightenment, and nirvana, a state of ultimate peace breaking the cycle of rebirth and suffering.
Explanation:
Siddhartha Gautama, who later came to be known as Buddha, embarked on a journey of self-discovery around 563 BCE which led to the formation of a new religion, Buddhism. Recognizing that suffering was an unavoidable part of life, he formulated the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path, which are central to Buddhist teachings. This was an attempt to understand suffering, its causes, and how to overcome it, culminating in achieving a transcendent state of peace known as nirvana, or 'enlightenment'.
Siddhartha's teachings centered on the belief that understanding and acknowledging suffering (dukkha) is the first step towards enlightenment. This was a radical departure from the predominant Brahmanist values of his era, which relied heavily on ritualism and a rigid caste system. Siddhartha Gautama's Buddha teachings offered adherents a way out of an eternal cycle of misery and suffering.
Upon understanding the nature of suffering, Siddhartha proposed that the path to cessation of suffering lay in leading a moral life by following a 'middle way', avoiding extremes. This involved the cultivation of right view, right intention, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right concentration – known collectively as the Eightfold Path. By following these tenets, one could achieve enlightenment, and finally nirvana, breaking free from the cycle of rebirth and suffering.
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