Answer :
Final answer:
Immune cells recognize 'self' from 'non-self' by recognizing O antigens on the surfaces of pathogens.
Explanation:
Immune cells recognize "self" from "non-self" by recognizing O antigens on the surfaces of pathogens. O antigens are specific molecules found on certain types of pathogens that allow immune cells to distinguish between self and non-self. When immune cells encounter pathogens with O antigens, they trigger an immune response to eliminate the foreign invader.
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