Answer :
Final Answer:
The correct order of stages in the Calvin Cycle is as follows:
1. CO2+5 carbon RuBP (catalyzed by Rubisco) --> 6-carbon intermediate
2. 6 carbon intermediate -> 2 molecules of 3 carbon PGA
3. 3-carbon PGA (consumed ATP and NADPH) -> 3 Carbon G3P
4. From 6 molecules of CO2: Remaining 10 molecules of G3P (consumed ATP) -> RuBp regenerated
5. From 6 molecules of CO2: 3-carbon G3P + 3 carbon G3P -> 1 molecule of 6 carbon glucose
Explanation:
The Calvin Cycle is a series of chemical reactions that occur in the chloroplasts of photosynthetic organisms, ultimately leading to the synthesis of glucose from carbon dioxide. The cycle can be divided into five stages:
1. CO2 Fixation: In the first stage, carbon dioxide (CO2) is captured by a 5-carbon molecule called ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) with the help of the enzyme ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco). This reaction results in the formation of a 6-carbon intermediate.
2. 3-Phosphoglycerate Formation: The 6-carbon intermediate is then cleaved into two 3-carbon molecules called 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA). This splitting is the result of a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions.
3. Reduction of 3-PGA: In this stage, each 3-PGA molecule is converted into 3-carbon glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) through the consumption of ATP and NADPH, which are energy-rich molecules produced in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
4. Regeneration of RuBP: The remaining G3P molecules (10 out of every 12 produced) are used to regenerate RuBP through a complex series of reactions that require the consumption of ATP. This is essential for the cycle to continue.
5. Glucose Synthesis: Finally, in the fifth stage, two molecules of 3-carbon G3P combine to form one molecule of 6-carbon glucose. This stage essentially results in the net production of glucose, which can be used as an energy source for the plant.
In summary, the Calvin Cycle involves a series of chemical reactions that enable the conversion of carbon dioxide into glucose through several intermediate compounds. It is a crucial process in the overall photosynthesis pathway, where energy from light is captured and used to drive these reactions.
Understanding the Calvin Cycle is fundamental in comprehending how plants and other photosynthetic organisms produce energy and biomass.
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