Answer :
The phrases mentioned in the question relate to significant elements of 19th-century American history, particularly the expansion of the cotton industry and the impact of technological and social changes. Here's a breakdown of each component:
New American El Dorado: This term metaphorically refers to regions in the United States that were seen as promising lands of wealth and opportunity. Much like the mythical El Dorado, where riches were said to be abundant, parts of the southern U.S. became a new 'El Dorado' due to the cotton boom.
Enabled by Indian Removal: The Indian Removal Act of 1830 authorized the forced relocation of Native American tribes from the southeastern United States to lands west of the Mississippi River. This opened up vast areas of land for American settlers to cultivate cotton, significantly contributing to the expansion of the Southern economy and the spread of the Cotton Belt.
Eli Whitney's Cotton Gin: Invented in 1793, the cotton gin revolutionized the cotton industry by quickly separating cotton fibers from their seeds, drastically reducing labor requirements and facilitating mass production. This invention contributed significantly to the profitability and expansion of cotton farming in the South.
New Orleans: As one of the largest port cities in the United States, New Orleans was crucial in the cotton trade. It acted as a hub for transporting cotton and other goods downriver from the plantations to international markets.
Cotton Belt: This term describes the region of the southern United States where cotton farming was most prevalent. It included parts of states such as Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana, becoming central to the southern economy.
Downriver: This term typically refers to the transport of goods along the Mississippi River, a key route for getting cotton from interior plantations to ports like New Orleans for export.
De Bow's Review: This was a widely-read magazine published in the Southern U.S. in the mid-19th century, advocating for southern economic independence and the expansion of industries such as cotton. It played a significant role in promoting the economic ideology of the region.
Together, these elements paint a picture of the profound economic and social transformations taking place in the United States during this period, driven by technological advances, territorial expansion, and systemic changes in labor and land use.