Answer :
In the eighteenth century, Enlightenment philosophy began to spread throughout Europe, advocating for reason, scientific inquiry, and individual liberty. As a result, some European monarchs began to believe in the concept of enlightened absolutism.
This idea held that a monarch should use their power to promote the welfare and happiness of their subjects, rather than simply pursuing their own interests.
Enlightened monarchs believed that they had a duty to improve the lives of their citizens through policies such as promoting education, religious toleration, and economic development. They saw themselves as benevolent rulers who could use their power to create a more just and prosperous society.
Notable examples of enlightened monarchs include Joseph II of Austria, Catherine the Great of Russia, and Frederick the Great of Prussia. However, the extent to which these monarchs were truly enlightened and successful in implementing reforms varied, and many critics argue that the concept of enlightened absolutism was ultimately limited by the entrenched power structures of monarchy and aristocracy.
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