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What happens during the carbon fixation stage of the Calvin Cycle (light-independent reactions)?

A. Energy from ATP and electrons from NADPH are used to reduce 3-phosphoglycerate to form G3P molecules, which can be used to form other organic molecules such as glucose.

B. The remaining G3P molecules that have not exited the cycle are used to re-form RuBP through a series of chemical reactions, so that the Calvin cycle can continue.

C. The enzyme Rubisco attaches CO₂ to RuBP, causing the formation of molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate.

D. Oxygen is produced through this process.

Answer :

Final answer:

During carbon fixation, CO₂ is attached to RuBP to form PGA molecules, which are then reduced to G3P using energy from ATP and electrons from NADPH. Oxygen is not produced during this stage of the Calvin Cycle.


Explanation:

During the carbon fixation stage of the Calvin Cycle, the enzyme Rubisco attaches carbon dioxide (CO₂) to RuBP (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate), resulting in the formation of 3-phosphoglycerate (PGA) molecules. This is the process where CO₂ is captured and incorporated into organic molecules in the Calvin Cycle.

After carbon fixation, energy from ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and electrons from NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) are used to reduce 3-phosphoglycerate to form glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) molecules. Some of the G3P molecules can be used to regenerate RuBP, while others can be used to form other organic molecules such as glucose.

Oxygen is not produced during the carbon fixation stage of the Calvin Cycle. Instead, oxygen can be a byproduct of another process called photorespiration.


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