Answer :
TLR4 is the Toll-like receptor that senses LPS on pathogens, found on immune cells like macrophages and dendritic cells. It triggers a signal transduction that culminates in an inflammatory response aimed at eradicating the infection.
The Toll-like receptor that senses lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on pathogens is known as TLR4. These receptors are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and are primarily found on the cell membrane of immune cells, including macrophages and dendritic cells. When TLR4 comes into contact with LPS, which is a common component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, it triggers a series of events designed to defend the host from infection.
The interaction between TLR4 and LPS initiates a signal transduction pathway leading to the activation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). This nuclear factor regulates the transcription of various cytokines and other immune response genes, leading to an inflammatory response. The release of cytokines helps to recruit other immune cells to the site of infection and stimulates the killing and clearance of the pathogen.
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