Answer :
When a specific antibody binds to the antigen on the surface of a pathogen, none of the given options directly describe the antibody's actions. Here's a detailed breakdown to understand this interaction:
Prevents the pathogen from entering the body: Antibodies can help to prevent pathogens from entering cells, but they do not prevent pathogens from entering the body itself. Pathogens enter the body through various means such as through cuts or the respiratory system before antibodies interact with them. Once inside, antibodies can neutralize or mark them for destruction, helping to prevent the pathogen from causing harm.
Prevents the pathogen from undergoing phagocytosis: Actually, antibodies often aid in phagocytosis rather than prevent it. When antibodies bind to antigens, they can tag the pathogen for destruction by phagocytes, a process known as opsonization. Phagocytes then recognize these marked pathogens more easily and ingest them.
Prevents the pathogen from dividing: Antibodies do not directly prevent pathogens from dividing. However, by neutralizing pathogens or targeting them for destruction, they can indirectly reduce their numbers and limit their ability to spread.
Therefore, the correct choice is:
- None of the above
The primary role when antibodies bind to antigens is neutralization, opsonization, and activation of other immune responses. This complex process ultimately helps to fight off infections by removing or inhibiting the pathogen's function within the body.