Answer :
Final answer:
Challengers are motivated to compete against incumbents by the belief in public service, differing views, or perceived vulnerability of the incumbent. They make races competitive by raising funds, organizing campaigns, and clarifying policy positions. More frequent incumbent defeats could lead to a more dynamic and responsive Congress.
Explanation:
Challengers may decide to compete against incumbent candidates for various reasons despite the significant incumbency advantage that exists in congressional and local elections. This advantage includes factors such as name recognition, a proven voting record, and the ability to secure funding from political action committees and interest groups. Nevertheless, challengers are motivated to run due to their belief in public service, differing political views, or when they perceive an incumbent to be vulnerable.
To make the race competitive, challengers need to establish visibility and viability as candidates. This includes raising campaign funds, creating a strong campaign organization, and articulating clear policy differences. If incumbents were defeated more often by challengers, it might lead to a Congress that is more dynamic, reflecting a greater diversity of views and potentially more attentive to the concerns of constituents.