Answer :
Final answer:
Incumbents are often reelected despite facing major disruptions because of the incumbency advantage, which includes name recognition, funding benefits, positive media coverage, and the presence of safe seats in many districts.The correct option is A).
Explanation:
When major disruptive issues occur, incumbents are often reelected due to what is known as the incumbency advantage. Despite the challenges they face such as having a legislative record and potential for controversies, incumbents have several factors working in their favor. These include name recognition, a history of winning elections, and therefore a higher likelihood of receiving funding from political action committees and interest groups. Media exposure also contributes to the incumbency advantage, as incumbents are more likely to receive positive coverage. Furthermore, many districts are drawn to be safe seats, which means the real competition occurs in the primary election, not the general election.