Answer :
The options contribute to the incumbency advantage are Donors are more likely to contribute to a proven winner, Incumbents have the power to handle constituent casework, and Incumbents have a much higher level of name recognition.
These factors play a significant role in providing advantages to incumbents in elections. Donors tend to contribute to incumbents who have a track record of winning, as they perceive them as more likely to succeed. Incumbents also have an advantage in handling constituent casework, as they are already familiar with the issues and have established relationships with constituents.
Additionally, incumbents benefit from higher name recognition compared to their challengers. They have had previous exposure to the public through their previous campaigns and term in office, making them more recognizable to voters. This recognition can give incumbents an advantage in terms of voter trust and familiarity.
However, it should be noted that the statement "Incumbents raise less money for their campaign because they don't need it" is not an accurate contributor to the incumbency advantage.
In reality, incumbents often have an advantage in fundraising, as they have an existing donor base and access to resources and networks that can help them secure campaign funds. Incumbents generally have an easier time raising money compared to challengers.
To summarize, the factors that contribute to the incumbency advantage are donors' preference for proven winners, the power to handle constituent casework, and higher levels of name recognition.
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