High School

Which of the following occur during the Calvin cycle? (Select 10 answers)

- Carbon fixation
- Sugar is produced
- 3-PGA forms
- NADPH is needed
- Organic molecules are made
- ADP is made
- Carbon dioxide is used
- Rubisco is needed
- G3P forms

Answer :

Final answer:

The Calvin cycle occurs in the chloroplast stroma and involves carbon fixation, the reduction of 3-PGA to G3P using ATP and NADPH, and the regeneration of RuBP for continuous operation. Key products of the cycle include sugars and organic molecules. The cycle is essential for converting inorganic CO2 into organic compounds, which are vital for plant life.


Explanation:

Calvin Cycle Overview

The Calvin cycle, also known as the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis, takes place in the chloroplast stroma and plays a crucial role in synthesizing organic molecules, particularly glucose, using carbon dioxide.

Key Processes in the Calvin Cycle

  1. Carbon Fixation: This is the process where the enzyme RuBisCO catalyzes the reaction between ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) and carbon dioxide (CO2), resulting in the formation of 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA).
  2. Reduction: The ATP and NADPH produced in the light-dependent reactions are utilized here. Specifically, six molecules of ATP and NADPH are used to convert 3-PGA into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P).
  3. Regeneration: The G3P molecules that are not used to form glucose are converted back into RuBP, allowing the cycle to continue. This regeneration process requires six additional molecules of ATP.
  4. Sugar Production: G3P can be utilized to synthesize glucose and other carbohydrates.

During the Calvin cycle, several other events and contributions happen:

  • Carbon Dioxide Usage: The cycle directly depends on CO2 input as an essential reactant.
  • NADPH and ATP Utilization: Both of these energy carriers are critical for the reduction phase of the cycle.
  • ADP Formation: As ATP is used, it is converted into ADP.
  • 3-PGA Formation: This molecule is a critical intermediate compound formed early in the cycle.
  • Organic Molecules Creation: The end products of the cycle are organic molecules essential for plant metabolism.

However, some items listed do not occur in the Calvin cycle, such as the donation of electrons from water or the operation of an electron transport chain, which are associated with light-dependent reactions.


Learn more about Calvin Cycle here:

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