Answer :
Final answer:
The following statements are true: a. Pathogens can be spread by contaminated surfaces, and b. You can get a C. diff infection from a room previously occupied by a C. diff positive person. The other statements are false: Microbial transfer doesn't need 3 minutes of contact and most pathogens can survive longer than a few minutes on surfaces.
Explanation:
Statement 'a. Pathogens can be spread by contact with contaminated surfaces' is true. Pathogens are often found on surfaces and can be spread by contact, leading to indirect contact transmission. These surfaces, known as fomites, such as doorknobs and towels, may harbor microbes and aid in disease transmission.
Statement 'b. Placing a resident in a room previously occupied by a C. diff positive resident increases the risk for acquiring C. diff' is true. C. diff, or Clostridium difficile, is a bacterium that is capable of persisting outside of a living cell for varying amounts of time, and therefore, can still be present in a room previously occupied by an infected individual.
Satement 'c. You must touch a surface for at least 3 minutes for pathogenic transfer to occur' is false. Microbial transfer can occur instantly upon contact with a contaminated surface.
Statement 'd. Most pathogens can only survive on surfaces for a few minutes' is false. Pathogens may have mechanisms of dormancy or resilience that allow them to survive for varying periods of time in nonliving environments.
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Final answer:
Pathogens can indeed be spread by contact with contaminated surfaces and placing someone in a room previously occupied by a C. diff infected individual increases their risk of acquiring the infection. However, it's incorrect to say that pathogen transfer requires a 3-minute touch or that most pathogens only survive on surfaces for a few minutes. Some pathogens can persist for much longer.
Explanation:
A. Pathogens can be spread by contact with contaminated surfaces. This is true, as pathogens can survive on inanimate objects known as fomites, which could include things like doorknobs, toys, and towels. When these objects are touched by a susceptible host, pathogens can be transferred, potentially leading to infection.
B. Placing a resident in a room previously occupied by a C. diff positive resident increases the risk for acquiring C. diff. This is also correct, as previous occupants of a room can leave behind pathogens such as C. diff, which can be particularly resilient and survive harsh conditions.
C. You must touch a surface for at least 3 minutes for pathogenic transfer to occur. This is incorrect. Pathogen transfer can occur with a brief touch, depending on the type of pathogen and the susceptibility of the individual.
D. Most pathogens can only survive on surfaces for a few minutes. This is incorrect. Certain pathogens, for example, the influenza virus, can persist on surfaces for extended periods of time ranging from hours to days depending on the conditions.
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