Answer :
Final answer:
Enlightenment thinkers, notably John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Baron de Montesquieu, significantly influenced the founding documents of the American government through their social contract theories. Their ideas emphasized natural rights, consent of the governed, and the necessity of representative government, shaping core principles reflected in the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution. The philosophies of these Enlightenment figures collectively rejected absolute monarchy and advocated for a democratic system built on individual liberties.
Explanation:
Enlightenment Philosophers and the American Government
The philosophical foundations of the American government were significantly influenced by various Enlightenment thinkers, particularly regarding the theory of a social contract. Key figures such as John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Baron de Montesquieu laid the groundwork for ideas that promoted governance based on the consent of the governed, as opposed to the absolute power of a monarch.
John Locke is especially notable for his articulation of natural rights, commonly summarized in his phrase “Life, Liberty, and Property.” These rights became foundational to the United States Declaration of Independence and reflected the belief that legitimate government must protect these rights. Locke’s insistence on the social contract as a governing principle suggested that individuals consent to surrender some freedoms in exchange for protection by the government, drawing a clear distinction from the views held by Thomas Hobbes, who supported absolute monarchy.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau contributed to this discourse by emphasizing the idea that government is legitimized through the collective agreement of the people. His work on the social contract stressed that true sovereignty lies with the people, and by exercising their will, societies can create just governments based on equality and freedom.
Baron de Montesquieu further advanced these concepts by advocating for the separation of powers within government, arguing that such a structure would prevent tyranny and protect individual liberties. This idea greatly shaped the framework of the U.S. Constitution.
Overall, the Enlightenment philosophers collectively argued against tyranny and advocated for a government that reflects the will of the people, establishing a paradigm that would heavily influence the formation of American democracy.
Learn more about Enlightenment influence on government here:
https://brainly.com/question/30151183