Answer :
Final answer:
The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis involve the splitting of water molecules, generating oxygen and replacing lost electrons in chlorophyll. This process occurs in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts and results in the production of energy-rich molecules. Carbon fixation and RuBP regeneration occur in the Calvin cycle, separate from these reactions.
Explanation:
Light-Dependent Reactions in Photosynthesis
The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts and are essential for converting light energy into chemical energy.
One of the primary processes that occur during these reactions is the splitting of water molecules. This process, known as photolysis, generates oxygen gas (O2), protons (H+), and electrons:
- The absorbed light energy excites electrons in chlorophyll.
- These excited electrons are transferred to the primary electron acceptor.
- To replace the lost electrons, water molecules are split, creating more electrons that participate in the electron transport chain.
- As a byproduct, oxygen is released into the atmosphere.
Other processes mentioned in the question, such as carbon fixation and RuBP regeneration, occur during the light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle), not the light-dependent reactions. Therefore, the correct answer to which process occurs during the light-dependent reactions is the splitting of water molecules.
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