Antibodies that bind to all of the surface antigens of pathogens exhibit ____________, which prevents the pathogen from binding to and thus causing damage to human cells.

Antibodies bind to pathogens' surface antigens and neutralize them, preventing the pathogen from infecting host cells. This process is called neutralization. Additionally, antibodies mark pathogens for destruction by phagocytes, a process known as opsonization.

Explanation:

Antibodies that bind to all of the surface antigens of pathogens exhibit neutralization, a process that prevents the pathogen from binding to and subsequently causing damage to human cells. In this process, antibodies coat the pathogens and neutralize them by blocking key sites that enhance the pathogen's infectivity, such as receptors that allow pathogens to dock onto host cells.

This antibody neutralization can prevent pathogens from entering and infecting host cells. The neutralized, antibody-coated pathogens can then be filtered by the spleen and eliminated from the body through urine or feces. In addition, antibodies can mark pathogens for destruction by phagocytes like macrophages or neutrophils in a process called opsonization.

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