Answer :
Final answer:
During the Enlightenment, thinkers began to challenge traditional beliefs about governments, advocating ideas such as equality, freedom, and social contract. Figures like John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed that governments should derive their power from the consent of the governed, protect citizens' natural rights, and be directly ruled by the people.
Explanation:
During the Enlightenment period, thinkers began to view governments differently than before. Traditional beliefs in divine rights and absolute monarchies were challenged by new ideas, such as equality, freedom, and social contract. Thinkers like John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed in the social contract theory, emphasizing that government's power should derive from the consent of the governed, rather than inherited divine right.
John Locke proposed that if a government fails to protect citizens’ natural rights to life, liberty, and property, the governed have the right to overthrow it. He believed that the purpose of the government should be to protect these rights and serve the people, which was a radically different view than the traditional perception.
Similarly, Jean-Jacques Rousseau argued for democracy, where the government is directly ruled by the people, further promoting citizen involvement and balance of power. Basing government on the will of the people was a significant shift from the typically autocratic systems of centuries past and strongly influenced future democratic systems around the world.
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