Answer :
Final answer:
The Wright Brothers, Orville and Wilbur, invented the airplane through careful experimentation and application of the scientific method. They learned that long, narrow wings generated more lift, developed a three-axis control system, and used a gasoline internal combustion engine as a power source. After several trials, their airplane successfully made four flights on December 17, 1903.
Explanation:
The Wright Brothers, Orville and Wilbur Wright, began their efforts to invent the airplane by experimenting with gliders in 1900 in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. Using the scientific method, they made careful adjustments to the equation predicting lift from wings and discovered that longer, narrower wings provided more lift than short, wide ones. They incorporated this finding into the creation of their powered aircraft, simultaneously discovering a method for controlling the aircraft in turns.
In 1902, they performed between 700 and 1,000 flights using gliders to confirm their design could be properly controlled. A patent for their revolutionary three-axis control method was applied for in 1903. Even without a formal education in engineering or science, they were able to effectively put into practice the technical expertise gained from operating a bicycle shop.
Building on the work done by others before them like Otto Lilienthal and Samuel Langley, the Wright brothers designed an aircraft powered by the gasoline internal combustion engine. This engine was a landmark invention by the automobile industry in the 1890s and it was a viable power source for their planned airplane by 1903. Following a few weeks of delays, on December 17, 1903, the Wright Brothers made four powered flights, the longest of which was over 850 feet.
Between 1903 and 1908, they further refined their design in the Wright flyer, which they attempted to sell to the U.S. Army. They made a series of demonstration flights between 1908 and 1910, both in France and the United States, where they gained great fame; in 1909 they incorporated the Wright Company.
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