Answer :
Cholecystokinin (CCK) released from duodenal enteroendocrine cells in response to protein and fat-rich chyme causes increased secretion of pancreatic juice by acinar cells, suppression of gastric emptying, relaxation of the hepatopancreatic sphincter, and gallbladder contraction; hence, the correct answer is option B, D, E and F.
Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a crucial hormone released by enteroendocrine cells in the duodenum primarily in response to fats and proteins in the chyme entering from the stomach. Its role is multifaceted, impacting several aspects of the digestive process. Firstly, CCK stimulates the pancreatic acinar cells to increase the secretion of enzyme-rich pancreatic juice, aiding in the breakdown of macronutrients. While CCK is known to influence bile movements, it does not directly increase bile secretion from the liver; instead, it induces gallbladder contraction and the relaxation of the hepatopancreatic sphincter (sphincter of Oddi), facilitating the flow of stored bile into the small intestine.
Another significant function of CCK is to regulate the pace of gastric emptying, slowing it down to ensure that the intestine has adequate time to digest and absorb fats and proteins efficiently. This delay is crucial for preventing the overload of the digestive tract and optimizing nutrient absorption. Thus, CCK plays a pivotal role in enhancing digestive enzyme activity, managing bile flow, and controlling the rate at which food leaves the stomach, orchestrating a coordinated response to the nutritional content of the ingested food.
Therefore, options B, D, E and F are the correct options.