Answer :
Incumbents have several re-election advantages, including increased name recognition, access to campaign funds, experience in office, and political party support, all contributing to the incumbency advantage (option a).
Among the advantages that incumbents have in winning re-election are:
- Increased name recognition: They are more likely to be known by voters due to previous campaigns and media coverage.
- Access to campaign funds: Incumbents have a record of success that makes them more attractive to political action committees and interest groups, resulting in greater financial contributions.
- Experience in office: They have established a voting record and credibility in handling legislative duties.
- Support from the political party: Having proved their electability, incumbents are likely to have strong party backing.
In essence, incumbents' ability to stay visible, financially well-supported, and politically connected contributes to what is known as the incumbency advantage. Hence, the correct option is a.