Which one of the following statements about transferring DNA between bacterial cells is correct?

A. Fragments of viral DNA are transferred from one bacterial cell to another cell via a pilus during transduction.
B. The entire genomic chromosome is transferred from one bacterial cell to another cell via a pilus during transduction.
C. Viruses can carry DNA from one bacterial cell to another during transformation.
D. The entire plasmid chromosome is transferred from one bacterial cell to another cell via a pilus during transduction.
E. Random DNA can be taken up by competent cells from the environment by transformation, often "transforming" a benign bacterial cell into a pathogenic strain.

The correct statement about transferring DNA between bacterial cells is that fragments of viral DNA are transferred from one bacterial cell to another via a pilus during transduction.

Explanation:

Transferring DNA between bacterial cells can occur through different mechanisms, including transduction and transformation.

Transduction is a process where fragments of viral DNA are transferred from one bacterial cell to another via a pilus. This can happen when a bacteriophage infects a bacterial cell and incorporates bacterial DNA into its viral particles. When the infected bacteriophage then infects another bacterial cell, it can transfer the bacterial DNA along with its own genetic material.

On the other hand, transformation is a process where bacteria can take up free DNA from the environment. This DNA can be from other bacterial cells or from the surrounding environment. The transferred DNA can then be incorporated into the recipient bacterial cell's genome, potentially altering its characteristics.

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