Answer :
Final answer:
The Calvin Cycle of photosynthesis includes three stages: fixation, reduction, and regeneration. In these stages, carbon dioxide is fixed to produce 3-PGA, which is then reduced to GA3P through the use of ATP and NADPH, and RuBP is regenerated to allow the process to continue. Understanding these stages is key to grasping how plants convert light energy into chemical energy.
Explanation:
Understanding Photosynthesis: The Calvin Cycle
The process of photosynthesis includes several stages, primarily known as fixation, reduction, and regeneration. Below are the classifications of the terms related to these stages:
1. Carbon Fixation:
- Produces the substrate that carbon dioxide attaches to
- Utilizes the enzyme rubisco
2. Reduction of 3-PGA:
- Produces GA3P
- Uses energy from ATP
- Uses energy from NADPH
3. Regeneration of RuBP:
- Regeneration of RuBP
- Produces 3-PGA
- Uses energy from ATP
Carbon fixation, facilitated by the enzyme RuBisCO, is where carbon dioxide becomes attached to ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP), ultimately producing 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA). During the reduction phase, ATP and NADPH convert 3-PGA into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GA3P), preparing the molecules for glucose synthesis. In the last stage, the cycle regenerates RuBP from GA3P using ATP to ensure continuous carbon fixation.
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