Answer :
Final answer:
In a survey where 140 out of 300 voters would choose the incumbent, the incumbent wins in a plurality election but not in a majority election without a runoff. The incumbent's existing advantages may influence actual election outcomes.
Explanation:
Looking at the survey of 300 likely voters where 140 would vote for the incumbent and the rest for the challenger, the incumbent does not hold a majority. Instead, they have a plurality because they have more votes than the challenger but do not exceed the 50 percent mark required for a majority. In a plurality election, the incumbent would win, but under a majority system, a runoff would be necessary since no candidate received over 50 percent. Reflecting on the incumbency advantage, which includes name recognition, media coverage, and fundraising capabilities, this could influence voter decisions, especially in an actual election where these factors are considerable.