Answer :
Final answer:
The final output of the Calvin cycle is G3P, which contributes to the formation of carbohydrates like glucose. ATP and NADPH are used to produce G3P, and the Calvin cycle must occur six times to form one glucose molecule.
Explanation:
The final output of the Calvin cycle is glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, abbreviated as G3P. This molecule can leave the cycle to contribute towards the formation of carbohydrates like glucose. During the Calvin cycle, energy from ATP and NADPH is used to generate G3P from the initial substrate, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP). The cycle also regenerates RuBP, allowing it to continue fixing more carbon dioxide. To form one molecule of glucose (C6H12O6), which contains six carbon atoms, the Calvin cycle must turn six times, fixing one carbon dioxide molecule during each turn.
In summary, for every three molecules of RuBP, six molecules of G3P are formed. Five of these G3P molecules are then used, with the energy from three ATP molecules, to regenerate three molecules of RuBP, while one G3P molecule exits the cycle.