Two hormones that promote the release of bile and pancreatic juice into the small intestine are ________.

Secretin and cholecystokinin (CCK) play crucial roles in regulating the digestive process by stimulating the release of bile and pancreatic juice into the small intestine.

Secretin is produced by the S cells in the duodenum in response to the presence of acidic chyme (partially digested food) entering from the stomach. It acts on the pancreas, stimulating it to release bicarbonate-rich pancreatic juice. This alkaline secretion helps neutralize the acidic chyme, creating a more favorable environment for digestive enzymes to function.

Cholecystokinin (CCK), on the other hand, is released by the I cells in the duodenal mucosa in response to the presence of fatty acids and amino acids in the small intestine. It has a dual action. Firstly, it stimulates the release of pancreatic enzymes, which are crucial for the digestion of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. Secondly, it causes the gallbladder to contract, leading to the release of bile into the small intestine. Bile emulsifies fats, breaking them down into smaller droplets for better enzymatic digestion.

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