Answer :
The correct choice is d. incumbents usually raise more money than do challengers.
Incumbents are often re-elected at high rates due to several advantages that they hold over challengers, commonly referred to as the incumbency advantage. These advantages discourage many would-be challengers from entering the race:
Fundraising Edge: Incumbents usually raise more money because donors prefer to back candidates who have a higher chance of winning.Name Recognition: Voters are more likely to recognize incumbents who have been previously elected and have had their names repeatedly broadcast through media coverage.Media Access: The media is more inclined to interview current office-holders, providing them with free publicity and name recognition.Established Campaign Organizations: Unlike new challengers who must build a campaign from scratch, incumbents have an existing framework and resources, making it easier for them to run effective campaigns.Constituent Services: Incumbents can showcase their work for constituents, such as helping with federal benefits or immigration issues, which bolsters their support in their districts.
These factors collectively provide incumbents with a considerable advantage, making it challenging for newcomers to compete effectively.
The answer to this question is D. Incumbents usually raise more money than challengers do. The reason behind this is that they already had an established name. As a result, voters are more familiar with the incumbent than the challenger. And also, incumbents can raise more funds for the election campaigns.